近红外光谱法快速评定牛肉品质

应用近红外反射光谱技术(NIRS),采用偏最小二乘法(PLS),建立了牛肉理化特性的近红外预测模型。从屠宰加工厂选取经48 h排酸后的里脊、眼肉、腿肉、臀肉、外脊等部位的牛肉样品114份,采用多元散射校正(MSC)、一阶导数、标准正态变量(SNV)预处理方法,谱区为950～1 650 nm,建立牛肉水分、脂肪、蛋白质3个化学参数以及pH、肉色(CEI L*,a*, b*)和剪切力(WBSF)3个物理参数的校正模型。其校正相关系数(R2)分别为0.947 2(水分),0.924 5(脂肪),0.934 6(蛋白质),0.620 2(pH),0.820 3(L*),0.864 6(a*),0.753 0(b*),0.475 9(WBSF)。校正标准差(RMSEC)分别为0.313 3(水分), 0.221 0(脂肪), 1.243 2(蛋白), 0.744 6(pH),1.778 3(L*),1.394 2(a*),1.763 9(b*),1.074 3(WBSF)。应用所建立的模型对30个实际牛肉样品的理化参数进行预测,并对预测值与实测值进行t检验,检验结果显示预测值与实测值差异不显著,说明模型适合于快速评价牛肉的品质。从预测的准确度看,化学指标预测的精确度明显高于物理指标。     

Excel在线性回归法测量不确定度评定中的应用

介绍了如何使用Excel电子表格进行线性回归法求得测量结果的不确定度评定,可方便地获得任一测量结果的扩展不确定度。     

纺织品摩擦时的听觉风格评价的初步研究

为评价不同组织织物的摩擦听觉风格,建立了以刺耳度(C)、顺滑度(S)、响度(L)、沉闷度(D)、喜好度(B)和拟声词描述(O)的主观评价指标。采用语意评定法(SD法)将听觉风格指标各分为5级,并通过对随机抽取的21名合格纺织专业学生进行问卷调查与测试。研究结果表明：在纱线原料、线密度、经密等相同的情况下,织物摩擦听觉风格指标刺耳度(C)与响度(L)成正相关关系,而刺耳度(C)则分别与顺滑度(S)或者喜好度(B)之间存在着一定的负相关关系。听者对于织物摩擦声音的判别,女性的敏锐度明显高于男性。此外,平纹的刺耳度(C)、响度(L)和沉闷度(D)最高,而缎纹的顺滑度(S)和喜好度(B)最高。     

滩海区人工岛场地地震安全性评价

本文以辽河口滩海区人工岛场地为例, 从区域地震地质、近场区地震地质、区域地震活动等方面, 讨论了滩海区人工岛基本地震地质环境特点, 在此基础上, 完成场地地震烈度、地震设防参数、场地地震地质灾害等影响人工岛场地安全性的因素评价。结果说明, 从场地地震安全性角度, 本文所评价的场地, 对人工岛兴建是适宜的。     

某既有建筑物改造工程地基加固质量的综合检测

随着既有建筑物的增层改造工程的发展和技术的日益成熟 ,为了提高原有建筑物地基土强度和变形能力 ,对其基础加固处理也愈加频繁。如何准确有效地评价其地基加固质量及其空间变化的均匀性是关系此类工程安全可靠的重要保证。本文以某一工程为例 ,讨论既有建筑物增层改造工程的地基加固质量的检测和综合评价方法。该建筑物建于 5 0年代 ,原设计为 5层 ,现增层为 6层 ,采用高压注浆方法进行地基加固处理.     

Functional magnetic resonance imaging: Comparison between activation maps and computation pipelines in a clinical context

In this study new evaluation strategies for comparing different Statistical Parametric Maps computed from fMRI time-series analysis software tools are proposed. The aim of our work is to assess and quantitatively evaluate the statistical agreement of activation maps. Some pre-processing steps are necessary to compare SPMs (Statistical Parametric Maps), including segmentation and co-registration. The study of the statistical agreement is carried out following two ways. The first way considers SPMs as the result of two classification processes and extracts confusion matrix and Cohen's kappa index to assess agreement. Some considerations will be made on the statistical dependence of classes and a new formulation of kappa index will be used for overcoming this problem. The second way considers SPMs as two 3D images, and computes the similarity of SPMs images with a fuzzy formulation of the Jaccard Index. Several experiments were conducted both to assess the performance of the proposed evaluation tools and to compare activation maps computation pipelines from two widely used software tools in a clinical context.     

An improved test method for characterising touch properties of porous polymeric materials

A new test method and instrument was developed to provide overall evaluation and characterisation of touch properties of porous polymeric materials. The test method and instrument can simulate the dynamic contact process between human skin and porous polymeric materials and obtain the mechanical and physical performance during contact. In the improved test method, a new measurement principle was proposed, and the mechanical device was redesigned, including surface friction measurement components. Most indices were redefined and the grading and classification methods were studied to give a direct overall evaluation of the touch properties for industrial applications. The objective test results and analysis, subjective evaluation method and prediction model of touch properties are also presented. The improved test method provides an objective measurement of thermal-mechanical properties using a single measuring instrument for new product development and quality control of porous polymeric materials.